Issue #3606780: Use path_alias.prefix_list instead of deprecated path_alias.whitelist

Boris Doesborgrequested to merge
issue/subpathauto-3606780:3606780-testprocessoutbound-fails-on into 8.x-1.x

Since Drupal 11.1, path_alias.whitelist and path_alias.prefix_list are separate service instances backed by different cache keys (path_alias_whitelist vs path_alias_prefix_list), not aliases of the same singleton. AliasManager reads from path_alias.prefix_list, so the test's setUp call to path_alias.whitelist did not actually whitelist the 'node' prefix and the outbound alias lookup short-circuited.

Co-Authored-By: Claude Opus 4.7 (1M context) noreply@anthropic.com

Closes #3606780

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