Resolve #3512462 "Broken links "

Closes #3512462

src/Repository.php

@@ -472,8 +472,17 @@ class Repository implements RepositoryInterface {
     if (empty($prefix)) {
       return $path;
     }
-    $path = ltrim($path, '/');
-    return str_replace($prefix, '', $path);
+
+    // We ensure 2 structures: /langcode/path or /langcode.
+    $processed_path = ltrim($path, '/');
+    if (str_starts_with($processed_path, $prefix . '/')) {
+      $path = substr($processed_path, strlen($prefix));
+    }
+    elseif ($processed_path === $prefix) {
+      $path = '/';
+    }
+
+    return $path;
   }
 
   /**