Replace REQUIREMENT_* constants with RequirementSeverity enum
### Problem/Motivation
The deprecated REQUIREMENT_* constants on SystemManager are replaced by RequirementSeverity enum cases.
### Proposed resolution
Handled automatically by drupal-rector by configuring the existing upstream rule in the Drupal 12 rule set (no dedicated rule class).
### How this rule was built
This rule was produced with an AI-assisted workflow in which every step was verified manually by @bbrala. Its logic started from the matching drupal-digests entry, which was adapted to drupal-rector's conventions — a dedicated rule or an existing upstream rule configured into the Drupal 12 set — and covered with before/after test fixtures. Backward-compatibility was assessed and version-gated: safe rewrites are applied directly, while unsafe ones are wrapped via `DeprecationHelper` or moved to an opt-in breaking set. The rule was then live-tested against a set of contributed modules; where no contrib call site could be found, a static code sample was written in a test module to exercise it. A final automated QA pass covered type-guard, fixture coverage, BC-decision, registration and idempotency checks.
### References
- Change record(s): [CR-3410939](https://www.drupal.org/node/3410939)
- Related issue(s): [#3410938](https://www.drupal.org/i/3410938), [#2909480](https://www.drupal.org/i/2909480), [#3339746](https://www.drupal.org/i/3339746), [#3353210](https://www.drupal.org/i/3353210), [#3360160](https://www.drupal.org/i/3360160), [#3500145](https://www.drupal.org/i/3500145), [#3500632](https://www.drupal.org/i/3500632), [#3525121](https://www.drupal.org/i/3525121)
### Work items
- Commit(s): [408e73309e](https://github.com/palantirnet/drupal-rector/commit/408e73309ea9)
### Credit
- Implemented by: @bbrala
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*Filed retroactively as part of the Drupal 12 rector coverage effort. Closed as fixed; credit to be applied to the contributors listed above.*
*AI was used extensively to build this rule and to file this issue. See [Dries Buytaert: AI-generated Rector rules for Drupal](https://dri.es/ai-generated-rector-rules-for-drupal) and [Björn Brala: Drupal Rector rules are config, not code. Mostly.](https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/drupal-rector-rules-config-code-mostly-bj%C3%B6rn-brala-vfpwe/).*
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