Add git cache to offload GitHub/GitLab operations; optimize shallow-clone artifacts
### Problem/Motivation
Introduce a git cache layer to reduce load on GitHub and GitLab servers. Optimize commit artifacts to use shallow clones, reducing repository size while maintaining sufficient history for the analysis and patching workflow.
### Work items
- Commit(s): [ca2e235cea](https://git.drupalcode.org/project/project_analysis/-/commit/ca2e235cea1a), [0cf7b28e81](https://git.drupalcode.org/project/project_analysis/-/commit/0cf7b28e81f9), [2c92ad7fc3](https://git.drupalcode.org/project/project_analysis/-/commit/2c92ad7fc399), [8037aa881e](https://git.drupalcode.org/project/project_analysis/-/commit/8037aa881e22), [32b43fe496](https://git.drupalcode.org/project/project_analysis/-/commit/32b43fe49610), [7059b10e5e](https://git.drupalcode.org/project/project_analysis/-/commit/7059b10e5ebb), [4f3ce0826b](https://git.drupalcode.org/project/project_analysis/-/commit/4f3ce0826bd3), [799f993e5e](https://git.drupalcode.org/project/project_analysis/-/commit/799f993e5ea0), [d477bbd3d6](https://git.drupalcode.org/project/project_analysis/-/commit/d477bbd3d6e7), [1c444cfffd](https://git.drupalcode.org/project/project_analysis/-/commit/1c444cfffd19)
### Credit
- Implemented by: @bbrala
---
*Filed retroactively as part of the Drupal 12 rector coverage effort. Closed as fixed; credit to be applied to the contributors listed above.*
*AI was used extensively to build this work and to file this issue. See [Dries Buytaert: AI-generated Rector rules for Drupal](https://dri.es/ai-generated-rector-rules-for-drupal) and [Björn Brala: Drupal Rector rules are config, not code. Mostly.](https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/drupal-rector-rules-config-code-mostly-bj%C3%B6rn-brala-vfpwe/).*
issue