Add timeouts and artifact handling fixes for CI jobs
### Problem/Motivation Adds timeout configuration for deep PHPStan nesting to prevent job timeouts and fixes artifact handling in CI jobs. Updates core version stubs to ensure complete deprecation coverage. ### Work items - Commit(s): [b5aab5638c](https://git.drupalcode.org/project/project_analysis/-/commit/b5aab5638cf8), [14e3f6f4ad](https://git.drupalcode.org/project/project_analysis/-/commit/14e3f6f4ad4e), [67b50d485b](https://git.drupalcode.org/project/project_analysis/-/commit/67b50d485b99), [7dcf59ec31](https://git.drupalcode.org/project/project_analysis/-/commit/7dcf59ec316d), [93edd5d836](https://git.drupalcode.org/project/project_analysis/-/commit/93edd5d836bd) ### Credit - Implemented by: @bbrala - Test-project feedback: @goba, @nicxvan, @wimleers, @rfay, @larowlan --- *Filed retroactively as part of the Drupal 12 rector coverage effort. Closed as fixed; credit to be applied to the contributors listed above.* *AI was used extensively to build this work and to file this issue. See [Dries Buytaert: AI-generated Rector rules for Drupal](https://dri.es/ai-generated-rector-rules-for-drupal) and [Björn Brala: Drupal Rector rules are config, not code. Mostly.](https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/drupal-rector-rules-config-code-mostly-bj%C3%B6rn-brala-vfpwe/).*
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