diff --git a/core/lib/Drupal/Component/Utility/Unicode.php b/core/lib/Drupal/Component/Utility/Unicode.php
index 64e066d79343311f54a9764128936627ad40631a..a44b50d0e81671d8e29d537fd42b5df729039e40 100644
--- a/core/lib/Drupal/Component/Utility/Unicode.php
+++ b/core/lib/Drupal/Component/Utility/Unicode.php
@@ -537,16 +537,16 @@ public static function mimeHeaderEncode($string, $shorten = FALSE) {
    */
   public static function mimeHeaderDecode($header) {
     $callback = function ($matches) {
-      $data = ($matches[2] == 'B') ? base64_decode($matches[3]) : str_replace('_', ' ', quoted_printable_decode($matches[3]));
+      $data = (strtolower($matches[2]) == 'b') ? base64_decode($matches[3]) : str_replace('_', ' ', quoted_printable_decode($matches[3]));
       if (strtolower($matches[1]) != 'utf-8') {
         $data = static::convertToUtf8($data, $matches[1]);
       }
       return $data;
     };
     // First step: encoded chunks followed by other encoded chunks (need to collapse whitespace)
-    $header = preg_replace_callback('/=\?([^?]+)\?(Q|B)\?([^?]+|\?(?!=))\?=\s+(?==\?)/', $callback, $header);
+    $header = preg_replace_callback('/=\?([^?]+)\?([Qq]|[Bb])\?([^?]+|\?(?!=))\?=\s+(?==\?)/', $callback, $header);
     // Second step: remaining chunks (do not collapse whitespace)
-    return preg_replace_callback('/=\?([^?]+)\?(Q|B)\?([^?]+|\?(?!=))\?=/', $callback, $header);
+    return preg_replace_callback('/=\?([^?]+)\?([Qq]|[Bb])\?([^?]+|\?(?!=))\?=/', $callback, $header);
   }
 
   /**
diff --git a/core/tests/Drupal/Tests/Component/Utility/UnicodeTest.php b/core/tests/Drupal/Tests/Component/Utility/UnicodeTest.php
index 5fed24ed13ef0fc364824de438853d3957e405a5..50bdc8b519917c88292aa04113041f39cac173cb 100644
--- a/core/tests/Drupal/Tests/Component/Utility/UnicodeTest.php
+++ b/core/tests/Drupal/Tests/Component/Utility/UnicodeTest.php
@@ -23,15 +23,13 @@ public function testSetStatus() {
   }
 
   /**
-   * Tests multibyte encoding and decoding.
+   * Tests multibyte encoding.
    *
    * @dataProvider providerTestMimeHeader
    * @covers ::mimeHeaderEncode
-   * @covers ::mimeHeaderDecode
    */
-  public function testMimeHeader($value, $encoded) {
+  public function testMimeHeaderEncode($value, $encoded) {
     $this->assertEquals($encoded, Unicode::mimeHeaderEncode($value));
-    $this->assertEquals($value, Unicode::mimeHeaderDecode($encoded));
   }
 
   /**
@@ -44,9 +42,49 @@ public function testMimeHeader($value, $encoded) {
    */
   public function providerTestMimeHeader() {
     return [
-      ['tést.txt', '=?UTF-8?B?dMOpc3QudHh0?='],
-      // Simple ASCII characters.
-      ['ASCII', 'ASCII'],
+      "Base64 encoding" => ['tést.txt', '=?UTF-8?B?dMOpc3QudHh0?='],
+      "ASCII characters only" => ['test.txt', 'test.txt'],
+    ];
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Tests multibyte decoding.
+   *
+   * @dataProvider providerTestMimeHeaderDecode
+   * @covers ::mimeHeaderDecode
+   */
+  public function testMimeHeaderDecode($value, $encoded) {
+    $this->assertEquals($value, Unicode::mimeHeaderDecode($encoded));
+  }
+
+  /**
+   * Data provider for testMimeHeaderDecode().
+   *
+   * @return array
+   *   An array containing a string and its encoded value.
+   */
+  public function providerTestMimeHeaderDecode() {
+    return [
+      'Uppercase base64 encoding' => [
+        'tést.txt',
+        '=?utf-8?B?dMOpc3QudHh0?=',
+      ],
+      'Uppercase quoted-printable encoding' => [
+        'tést.txt',
+        '=?UTF-8?Q?t=C3=A9st.txt?=',
+      ],
+      'Lowercase base64 encoding' => [
+        'tést.txt',
+        '=?utf-8?b?dMOpc3QudHh0?=',
+      ],
+      'Lowercase quoted-printable encoding' => [
+        'tést.txt',
+        '=?UTF-8?q?t=C3=A9st.txt?=',
+      ],
+      'ASCII characters only' => [
+        'test.txt',
+        'test.txt',
+      ],
     ];
   }